Talking about Actionscript 3, Box2D and Flash.
Last week I explained The magic of compound objects with Box2D, now it’s time to understanding custom polygons.
First, let me tell you the difference between a compound object and a custom polygon.
A compound object is an object made by two or more primitive objects (like the maze I created in this tutorial).
A custom polygon is a primitive object which is different from the standard box and circle we usually find on Box2D, such as a triangle, a pentagon or any other regular or irregular polygon you can imagine.
There is only a limit: the polygon must be convex. Box2D won’t handle collisions properly with concave polygons.
From Wikipedia: « A convex polygon is a simple polygon whose interior is a convex set.
The following properties of a simple polygon are all equivalent to convexity:
Every internal angle is less than 180 degrees or equal to 180 degrees.
Every line segment between two vertices of the polygon does not go exterior to the polygon (i.e., it remains inside or on the boundary of the polygon).
A polygon that is not convex is called concave or reentrant. A concave polygon will always have an interior angle with a measure that is strictly greater than 180 degrees.
It is possible to cut a concave polygon into a set of convex polygons. »
Ok… now we are ready to write some code…
package {
import flash.display.Sprite;
import flash.events.Event;
import Box2D.Dynamics.*;
import Box2D.Collision.*;
import Box2D.Collision.Shapes.*;
import Box2D.Common.Math.*;
import Box2D.Dynamics.Joints.*;
import flash.events.MouseEvent;
public class HelloWorld extends Sprite {
var body:b2Body;
var mouseJoint:b2MouseJoint;
var m_world:b2World;
var m_iterations:int=10;
var m_timeStep:Number=1.0/30.0;
var maze:Array = [[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1],[1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1],[1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1],[1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]];
public function HelloWorld() {
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, Update, false, 0, true);
stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, createMouse);
stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, destroyMouse);
var worldAABB:b2AABB = new b2AABB();
worldAABB.lowerBound.Set(-100.0, -100.0);
worldAABB.upperBound.Set(100.0, 100.0);
var gravity:b2Vec2=new b2Vec2(0.0,10.0);
var doSleep:Boolean=true;
m_world=new b2World(worldAABB,gravity,doSleep);
// debug draw start
var m_sprite:Sprite;
m_sprite = new Sprite();
addChild(m_sprite);
var dbgDraw:b2DebugDraw = new b2DebugDraw();
var dbgSprite:Sprite = new Sprite();
m_sprite.addChild(dbgSprite);
dbgDraw.m_sprite=m_sprite;
dbgDraw.m_drawScale=30;
dbgDraw.m_alpha = 1;
dbgDraw.m_fillAlpha=0.7;
dbgDraw.m_lineThickness=1;
m_world.SetDebugDraw(dbgDraw);
// debug draw end
var bodyDef:b2BodyDef;
var boxDef:b2PolygonDef;
// lower static object
bodyDef = new b2BodyDef();
bodyDef.position.Set(8.5, 13);
boxDef = new b2PolygonDef();
boxDef.SetAsBox(8.5, 0.5);
boxDef.friction=0.3;
boxDef.density=0;
body=m_world.CreateBody(bodyDef);
body.CreateShape(boxDef);
body.SetMassFromShapes();
var bodyDefP:b2BodyDef = new b2BodyDef();
var polyDef:b2PolygonDef = new b2PolygonDef();
// a square
polyDef.vertexCount = 4;
polyDef.vertices[0].Set(-1,-1);
polyDef.vertices[1].Set(1,-1);
polyDef.vertices[2].Set(1,1);
polyDef.vertices[3].Set(-1,1);
polyDef.density = 1.0;
polyDef.friction = 0.3;
polyDef.restitution = 0.1;
bodyDefP.position.Set(2,2);
bodyDefP.angle = 0;
body = m_world.CreateBody(bodyDefP);
body.CreateShape(polyDef);
body.SetMassFromShapes();
// a triangle
polyDef.vertexCount = 3;
polyDef.vertices[0].Set(0,-1);
polyDef.vertices[1].Set(1,1);
polyDef.vertices[2].Set(-1,1);
polyDef.density = 1.0;
polyDef.friction = 0.3;
polyDef.restitution = 0.1;
bodyDefP.position.Set(6,2);
bodyDefP.angle = 0;
body = m_world.CreateBody(bodyDefP);
body.CreateShape(polyDef);
body.SetMassFromShapes();
// an irregular convex polygon
polyDef.vertexCount = 6;
polyDef.vertices[0].Set(-1.5,-0.5);
polyDef.vertices[1].Set(0.5,-1);
polyDef.vertices[2].Set(1,-0.5);
polyDef.vertices[3].Set(1,1.5);
polyDef.vertices[4].Set(0.5,1.5);
polyDef.vertices[5].Set(-0.5,1.3);
polyDef.density = 1.0;
polyDef.friction = 0.3;
polyDef.restitution = 0.1;
bodyDefP.position.Set(10,2);
bodyDefP.angle = 0;
body = m_world.CreateBody(bodyDefP);
body.CreateShape(polyDef);
body.SetMassFromShapes();
// an irregular concave polygon
polyDef.vertexCount = 6;
polyDef.vertices[0].Set(-1.5,-0.5);
polyDef.vertices[1].Set(0.5,-1);
polyDef.vertices[2].Set(1,-0.5);
polyDef.vertices[3].Set(1,1.5);
polyDef.vertices[4].Set(0.5,1.5);
polyDef.vertices[5].Set(1,0.5);
polyDef.density = 1.0;
polyDef.friction = 0.3;
polyDef.restitution = 0.1;
bodyDefP.position.Set(14,2);
bodyDefP.angle = 0;
body = m_world.CreateBody(bodyDefP);
body.CreateShape(polyDef);
body.SetMassFromShapes();
}
public function createMouse(evt:MouseEvent):void {
var body:b2Body=GetBodyAtMouse();
if (body) {
var mouseJointDef:b2MouseJointDef=new b2MouseJointDef;
mouseJointDef.body1=m_world.GetGroundBody();
mouseJointDef.body2=body;
mouseJointDef.target.Set(mouseX/30, mouseY/30);
mouseJointDef.maxForce=30000;
mouseJointDef.timeStep=m_timeStep;
mouseJoint=m_world.CreateJoint(mouseJointDef) as b2MouseJoint;
}
}
public function destroyMouse(evt:MouseEvent):void {
if (mouseJoint) {
m_world.DestroyJoint(mouseJoint);
mouseJoint=null;
}
}
private var mousePVec:b2Vec2 = new b2Vec2();
public function GetBodyAtMouse(includeStatic:Boolean=false):b2Body {
var mouseXWorldPhys = (mouseX)/30;
var mouseYWorldPhys = (mouseY)/30;
mousePVec.Set(mouseXWorldPhys, mouseYWorldPhys);
var aabb:b2AABB = new b2AABB();
aabb.lowerBound.Set(mouseXWorldPhys - 0.001, mouseYWorldPhys - 0.001);
aabb.upperBound.Set(mouseXWorldPhys + 0.001, mouseYWorldPhys + 0.001);
var k_maxCount:int=10;
var shapes:Array = new Array();
var count:int=m_world.Query(aabb,shapes,k_maxCount);
var body:b2Body=null;
for (var i:int = 0; i < count; ++i) {
if (shapes[i].GetBody().IsStatic()==false||includeStatic) {
var tShape:b2Shape=shapes[i] as b2Shape;
var inside:Boolean=tShape.TestPoint(tShape.GetBody().GetXForm(),mousePVec);
if (inside) {
body=tShape.GetBody();
break;
}
}
}
return body;
}
public function Update(e:Event):void {
m_world.Step(m_timeStep, m_iterations);
if (mouseJoint) {
var mouseXWorldPhys=mouseX/30;
var mouseYWorldPhys=mouseY/30;
var p2:b2Vec2=new b2Vec2(mouseXWorldPhys,mouseYWorldPhys);
mouseJoint.SetTarget(p2);
}
}
}
}
and see what happens...
Let's look at the polygons from left to right: we have a square, a triangle, an irregular convex polygon and an irregular concave polygon.
As you can see, the concave one is not working... that's why you cannot use concave polygons.
Try to drag objects next to the concave polygon to see how much it's wrecked.
Now, let's see how to create the polygon: I am going to show you how I created the triangle.
polyDef.vertexCount = 3;
polyDef.vertices[0].Set(0,-1);
polyDef.vertices[1].Set(1,1);
polyDef.vertices[2].Set(-1,1);
polyDef.density = 1.0;
polyDef.friction = 0.3;
polyDef.restitution = 0.1;
bodyDefP.position.Set(6,2);
bodyDefP.angle = 0;
body = m_world.CreateBody(bodyDefP);
body.CreateShape(polyDef);
body.SetMassFromShapes();
Line 70: Setting the vertexCount of the polyDef variable (declared at line 54 as b2PolygonDef).
Line 71: Declaring the first vertex, at (0,-1). This is the core of the script. From the center of the yet-to-be-created polygon, I am placing the vertex one unit (a meter, in this case, refer to Understanding pixels and meters with Box2D and how to select an object with mouse - part 2 for more information) above it. The 0 represents the horizontal distance from the center (positive: to the right; negative: to the left) and the -1 represents the vertical distance (positive: to the bottom; negative: to the top).
Lines 72-73: Placing the other vertices in the same way
The remaining lines are the same for every object creation.
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